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An avulsion fracture occurs when a tendon or ligament that is attached to the bone pulls a piece of the fractured bone off. Avulsion fractures can happen anywhere in the body but are most common in the ankle, hip, finger, and foot. They are more common in children than adults.

Cartilage is a tough, flexible tissue found throughout the body. Cartilage can become damaged as a result of an acute, sports injury. Cartilage injuries often involves the knees, although joints such as the hips, ankles and elbows can also be affected.

A dislocation injury is where a joint is forced out of normal position. Joints can be dislocated from injury. This usually happens from a fall, an auto accident, or sports. A dislocation is painful and immobilizes the joint. Common dislocated joints are shoulders, elbows, fingers, ankle, and hip.

A closed fracture is a broken bone that does not penetrate the skin. While a closed fracture does not penetrate the skin, there can still be severe soft-tissue injury associated with closed fractures. The most common closed fractures include: broken wrist, clavicle, arm and ankle fractures.

Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that connect bones at a joint. A sprain is an injury that causes a stretch or a tear in a ligament. Sprains may be classified as mild, moderate, or severe. A strain is a stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon.

The most common soft tissues injured are muscles, tendons and ligaments. These injuries often occur during sports and exercise activities, but sometimes simple everyday activities can cause an injury. Sprains, strains and contusions, as well as tendonitis and bursitis are common soft-tissue injuries.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees and hips.

Overuse injuries are subtle and usually occur over time, making them challenging to diagnose and treat. They are the result of repetitive micro-trauma to the tendons, bones, and joints. Common examples include tennis elbow, Little Leaguer’s elbow, runner’s knee and Achilles tendinitis.

A sports concussion is a traumatic injury to the brain that alters mental status or causes other symptoms. Many people assume they do not have a concussion if they have not lost consciousness. However, significant injury can occur without losing consciousness at all.

In the US, about 30 million children and teens participate in some form of organized sports. More than 3.5 million injuries each year, which cause some loss of time of participation, are experienced by these participants. Almost one-third of all childhood injuries are sports-related.

Sports physicals, also called pre-participation physicals, are a great way to make sure an athlete can safely play. A sports physical focuses on an athlete’s health history and physical exam only as it relates to sports and is much more limited than a regular physical at a peds office..

Stingers and burners are injuries that occur when nerves in the neck and shoulder are stretched or compressed after an impact. These injuries are common in contact or collision sports and are named for the stinging or burning pain that spreads from the shoulder to the hand. A burner or stinger can feel like an electric shock or lightning bolt down the arm.

A stress fracture is a hairline crack that can occur in bones from repeated or prolonged use. The most common sites for stress fracture are the foot bones (metatarsals), shin bone (tibia), outer lower leg bone (fibula), thigh bone (femur), and back bones (vertebrae).